Thanks to ultrasound devices, it is possible to visualize the maturation of the follicles in the ovaries, the fallopian tubes, the uterus and the structure of the uterine lining (endometrium), to control their functions and possible disorders ascertain.

For example, a special ultrasound examination enables the fallopian tubal patency to be checked. A thin catheter is inserted into the uterine cavity through which a contrast medium (a sugar solution) is flushed into the uterine cavity. Ultrasound can be used to determine whether the fluid is running through the fallopian tubes and whether they are therefore permeable.

This indirect procedure, which usually does not require anesthesia, allows a reliable diagnosis in around 80% of cases.